This may also be performed by a buck–boost transformer which is distinct from an autotransformer, since the former may be wired to provide galvanic isolation. This is a special type of transformer that can add or subtract powered coils of wire, thereby increasing or decreasing the magnetic field and the output voltage of the transformer. The line-interactive UPS is similar in operation to a standby UPS, but with the addition of a multi-tap variable-voltage autotransformer. Line-interactive UPS: The green line illustrates the flow of electric power.
#UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLY FOR MAC GENERATOR#
DUPS are sometimes combined or integrated with a diesel generator that is turned on after a brief delay, forming a diesel rotary uninterruptible power supply (DRUPS).Ī fuel cell UPS was developed by the company Hydrogenics using hydrogen and a fuel cell as a power source, potentially providing long run times in a small space. When the mains power fails, an eddy-current regulation maintains the power on the load as long as the flywheel's energy is not exhausted. A synchronous motor/alternator is connected on the mains via a choke. Most UPS below one kilo volt-ampere (1 kVA) are of the line-interactive or standby variety which are usually less expensive.įor large power units, dynamic uninterruptible power supplies (DUPS) are sometimes used. In a standby ("off-line") system the load is powered directly by the input power and the backup power circuitry is only invoked when the utility power fails.A line-interactive UPS maintains the inverter in line and redirects the battery's DC current path from the normal charging mode to supplying current when power is lost.An on-line UPS uses a "double conversion" method of accepting AC input, rectifying to DC for passing through the rechargeable battery (or battery strings), then inverting back to 120 V/230 V AC for powering the protected equipment.The three general categories of modern UPS systems are on-line, line-interactive and standby: To prevent this, a UPS should be selected not only by capacity, but also by the quality of power that is required by the equipment that is being supplied. Ī UPS unit may also introduce problems with electric power quality. Some manufacturers of UPS units categorize their products in accordance with the number of power-related problems they address. Harmonic distortion, defined as a departure from the ideal sinusoidal waveform expected on the line.Noise, defined as a high frequency transient or oscillation, usually injected into the line by nearby equipment.Momentary or sustained reduction in input voltage.However, most UPS units are also capable in varying degrees of correcting common utility power problems: The primary role of any UPS is to provide short-term power when the input power source fails.
#UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLY FOR MAC SERIES#
9.4 Series new/old battery interactions.9.3 Series-parallel battery interactions.9.2 Testing of strings of batteries/cells.9.1 Common battery characteristics and load testing.3.1 Hybrid topology/double conversion on demand.The world's largest UPS, the 46-megawatt Battery Energy Storage System (BESS), in Fairbanks, Alaska, powers the entire city and nearby rural communities during outages. UPS units range in size from units designed to protect a single computer without a video monitor (around 200 volt-ampere rating) to large units powering entire data centers or buildings. It is a type of continual power system.Ī UPS is typically used to protect hardware such as computers, data centers, telecommunication equipment or other electrical equipment where an unexpected power disruption could cause injuries, fatalities, serious business disruption or data loss. The on-battery run-time of most uninterruptible power sources is relatively short (only a few minutes) but sufficient to start a standby power source or properly shut down the protected equipment. A UPS differs from an auxiliary or emergency power system or standby generator in that it will provide near-instantaneous protection from input power interruptions, by supplying energy stored in batteries, supercapacitors, or flywheels. A large data-center-scale UPS being installed by electriciansĪn uninterruptible power supply or uninterruptible power source ( UPS) is an electrical apparatus that provides emergency power to a load when the input power source or mains power fails.
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